Research summary
Work synthesizes prospective-cohort epidemiology, meta-analyses, and global-burden estimates to quantify how diet, body composition, and metabolic status affect cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Using Global Burden of Disease 2019 estimates, the magnitude of total cardiovascular disease burden was reviewed across 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 risk factors for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019, framing ischemic heart disease and stroke as the leading sources of global mortality [1]. A methodological perspective argued for dietary pattern analysis (factor and cluster analysis, dietary quality indices) as complementary to single-nutrient or single-food approaches, on the grounds that whole-diet patterns may be more predictive of chronic disease risk [2]. In the Nurses' Health Study, 84,941 women free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer at baseline were followed from 1980 to 1996 and stratified into a low-risk group defined by BMI under 25, a diet high in cereal fiber and polyunsaturated fat and low in trans fat and glycemic load, regular activity, no smoking, and moderate alcohol, with the combined effect on type 2 diabetes risk estimated [3]. An individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies (10,625,411 participants; 3,951,455 never-smokers without baseline chronic disease and at least 5 years of survival) examined BMI and all-cause mortality across four continents while limiting confounding and reverse causality [4]. A pooled analysis of 820,900 people across 97 prospective studies (123,205 deaths) reported hazard ratios for cause-specific death by baseline diabetes status, with diabetes associated with a hazard ratio of 1.80 for all-cause mortality and elevated risks for cancer and other nonvascular conditions [5]. Three cohorts totaling 120,877 women and men were used to relate 4-year changes in specific dietary and lifestyle factors to long-term weight gain, providing inputs more granular than the "eat less, exercise more" prescription [6].
Recent publications
- Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019DOI
- Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complicationsDOI
- 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in AdultsDOI
- Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiologyDOI
- The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big PictureDOI
- Diet, Lifestyle, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in WomenDOI
- Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continentsDOI
- Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Glucose, and Risk of Cause-Specific DeathDOI
- 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in AdultsDOI
- Changes in Diet and Lifestyle and Long-Term Weight Gain in Women and MenDOI
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External profiles
- ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-6274
- OpenAlex: openalex.org
Profile compiled from public sources (Researchmap, OpenAlex, The University of Tokyo faculty directory). Last refreshed 2026-05. Report incorrect information.