Research summary
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation experiments in 10 volunteers demonstrated that a subthreshold conditioning stimulus suppresses EMG responses in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) at interstimulus intervals of 1-6 ms and facilitates them at 10-15 ms, establishing short-interval intracortical inhibition in human motor cortex [1]. The 2015 IFCN report updated procedures and basic principles for noninvasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves for clinical and research neuroscience use [2]. Paired-coil TMS showed that conditioning stimulation of one motor cortex inhibits test responses from the opposite hemisphere in FDI at conditioning-test intervals from 5-6 ms onward, characterizing interhemispheric inhibition in the human motor cortex [3]. The 2020 IFCN Expert Guidelines, based on a 2018 Siena consensus, updated safety and ethical recommendations for TMS in healthy subjects and patient populations while preserving valid 2009 guidance [4]. Mesencephalic dopamine neurons obtained from 8-9-week human fetuses survived after stereotactic unilateral putaminal implantation in a severely affected Parkinson's disease patient, restoring dopamine synthesis and storage on 6-L-[18F]fluorodopa PET and producing sustained symptomatic relief [5]. In seven subjects, paired conditioning stimuli at ISIs of 1-4 ms suppressed test responses while 6-20 ms ISIs facilitated them in abductor digiti minimi, with facilitation augmentable by paired conditioning stimuli, distinguishing intracortical inhibition and facilitation circuits [6].
Recent publications
- Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor CortexDOI
- Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex.DOI
- Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN committeeDOI
- Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. CommitteeDOI
- Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)DOI
- Interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex.DOI
- Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert GuidelinesDOI
- Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelinesDOI
- Grafts of Fetal Dopamine Neurons Survive and Improve Motor Function in Parkinson's DiseaseDOI
- Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex.DOI
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External profiles
- ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-6467
- OpenAlex: openalex.org
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